Tugasku banyak banget sampek bingung mau nge-share yang mana. hehehe...
Oke, di kesempatan kali ini aku mau berbagi tentang LITERATURE. Tau kan? Yap. Karya Sastra. Ini dia nih materinya.. check this out yach!
DEFINITION
OF LITERATURE
Literature is
the art of written works. It is from the Latin letter “littera” which is meant by “Arts and Letters”.
Literature is
used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific
works. Such as, creative imagination (works of poetry, drama, fiction and
nonfiction).
Definition of
Literature According to:
1. Henry Van Dyke:
“Literature
consist of those writings which interpret the meaning of nature and life, in
words of charm and power, touched with the personality of the author, in
artistic forms of permanent interest.”
2. Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Muslim
Scholar and Philosopher)
“Literature
is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear
more attractive.”
“Literature
is a slice of life that has been given direction and meaning, an artistic
interpretation of the world.
3. Roman Jakobson (Russian
Formalist)
“Organized
violence committed on ordinary speech.”
4. Ezra Pound
“Great
literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible
degree.”
THE
AIMS OF LITERATURE
Literature entertains and gives
pleasure, it fires the imagination and arouses noble emotions. It enriches man
by anabling him to reflect on life and by filling him with new ideas.
WHY
DO PEOPLE WRITE LITERATURE?
The most compelling reason is self-expression. The author wants to
tell others about his/her emotion, such as happy or sad. Another reason is the
author wants to entertain the reader and
give pleasure through stories, real, or imagined. The next reason is for truth, accuracy and evaluation. Because,
through this kind of literature people are able to analyze, evaluate, form
valid judgement and make wise decisions.
Every piece of writing then, is the reaction
of an original heart and mind up on life and all that it includes.
WHY DO PEOPLE READ LITERATURE?
Because :
1.
People may grow and evolve through
literary journey with books.
2.
People may discover
meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it
(interpret the author’s message).
3.
Literature speaks to
us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is
beautiful.
DIFFERENT
ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
Elements of literature denote the
things that are used to make up a work. There are different types and forms of
literature. The elements that we want to discuss here are fiction, drama, short
story and poetry.
Element for
fiction, drama and short story, includes:
1.
Plot
: the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. Drama has 5 essential
part, those are:
a. Introduction
of the story (who and where)
b. Rising
action
c. Climax
d. Falling
action
e. Denouement
(the ending)
2.
Character
: characters can be fictional or based on real. It can be human, animal,
mythical, or personification of an abstraction.
3.
Setting
: it refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle
of the characters and climate of the story.
4.
Theme:
the central idea of all literary forms. It reflects innocence, experience,
life, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.
5.
Structure
: in drama, there are plots and subplots. These are divided into acts and
scenes. While novels have chapters and scenes.
6.
Point of view
: a view which the author tells the story. A novel can be written in the
first-person narrative, third-person narrative, omniscient point of view,
limited omniscient point of view, stream of consciousness and objective point
of view.
7.
Conflict
: it is the essential of a short story, drama and novel forms. Conflict can be
internal or external. It can take place between two men, between the character
and his psychology, between the character and circumstances or between
character and society.
8.
Diction
: the use of language.
9.
Foreshadowing
: it is applied as clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. It
encourages the reader to go on and find out more about the event that is being
foreshadowed.
Element for poetry,
includes:
1.
Style : the way the poem is written.
2.
Symbol : the idea and thought of the
poem.
3.
Theme : theme contains the message,
point of view and idea of the poem.
4.
Imagery : it is appeal to the author’s
senses.
5.
Rhyme and rhythm : it contains a
syllabus in a poem.it is about how the words resonate with each other, how the
words flow when they are linked with one another in a poem.
6.
Meter : it is described as sequence of
feet.
7.
Alliteration : it indicates 2 or more
words with the same repetition of initial letter, for example, “dressy
daffodils”. Here the sound of the letter “D” is repeated.
8.
Simile : it is a figure of speech used
for comparison in the poetry with the words “like” or “as”, for example, “as
black as coal”.
9.
Metaphor : it is used to make an
implicit comparison. For example, “her laughter, a babbling brook.”
10.
Onomatopoeia : this is one important
element of poetry, which refers to words that sound like their meaning, for
example : buzz, moo and paw.
REFERENCES
Rosales, Piedad,
Garcia and Barranco, Corinta. A study of
Literary Types and Forms, UST Printing Office, Manila, 1995.
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