Selasa, 25 Juni 2013

The Definition of LITERATURE

Hai Diary...
Tugasku banyak banget sampek bingung mau nge-share yang mana. hehehe...
Oke, di kesempatan kali ini aku mau berbagi tentang LITERATURE. Tau kan? Yap. Karya Sastra. Ini dia nih materinya.. check this out yach!


DEFINITION OF LITERATURE
Literature is the art of written works. It is from the Latin letter “littera” which is meant by “Arts and Letters”.
Literature is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works. Such as, creative imagination (works of poetry, drama, fiction and nonfiction).
Definition of Literature According to:
1.      Henry Van Dyke:
“Literature consist of those writings which interpret the meaning of nature and life, in words of charm and power, touched with the personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest.”
2.      Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Muslim Scholar and Philosopher)
“Literature is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear more attractive.”
“Literature is a slice of life that has been given direction and meaning, an artistic interpretation of the world.
3.      Roman Jakobson (Russian Formalist)
“Organized violence committed on ordinary speech.”
4.      Ezra Pound
“Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.”
THE AIMS OF LITERATURE
            Literature entertains and gives pleasure, it fires the imagination and arouses noble emotions. It enriches man by anabling him to reflect on life and by filling him with new ideas.
WHY DO PEOPLE WRITE LITERATURE?
            The most compelling reason is self-expression. The author wants to tell others about his/her emotion, such as happy or sad. Another reason is the author wants to entertain the reader and give pleasure through stories, real, or imagined. The next reason is for truth, accuracy and evaluation. Because, through this kind of literature people are able to analyze, evaluate, form valid judgement and make wise decisions.
            Every piece of writing then, is the reaction of an original heart and mind up on life and all that it includes.
 WHY DO PEOPLE READ LITERATURE?
Because :
1.      People may grow and evolve through literary journey with books.
2.      People may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it (interpret the author’s message).
3.      Literature speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful.
DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
            Elements of literature denote the things that are used to make up a work. There are different types and forms of literature. The elements that we want to discuss here are fiction, drama, short story and poetry.
Element for fiction, drama and short story, includes:
1.      Plot : the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. Drama has 5 essential part, those are:
a.       Introduction of the story (who and where)
b.      Rising action
c.       Climax
d.      Falling action
e.       Denouement (the ending)
2.      Character : characters can be fictional or based on real. It can be human, animal, mythical, or personification of an abstraction.
3.      Setting : it refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story.
4.      Theme: the central idea of all literary forms. It reflects innocence, experience, life, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.
5.      Structure : in drama, there are plots and subplots. These are divided into acts and scenes. While novels have chapters and scenes.
6.      Point of view : a view which the author tells the story. A novel can be written in the first-person narrative, third-person narrative, omniscient point of view, limited omniscient point of view, stream of consciousness and objective point of view.
7.      Conflict : it is the essential of a short story, drama and novel forms. Conflict can be internal or external. It can take place between two men, between the character and his psychology, between the character and circumstances or between character and society.
8.      Diction : the use of language.
9.      Foreshadowing : it is applied as clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. It encourages the reader to go on and find out more about the event that is being foreshadowed.
Element for poetry, includes:
1.      Style : the way the poem is written.
2.      Symbol : the idea and thought of the poem.
3.      Theme : theme contains the message, point of view and idea of the poem.
4.      Imagery : it is appeal to the author’s senses.
5.      Rhyme and rhythm : it contains a syllabus in a poem.it is about how the words resonate with each other, how the words flow when they are linked with one another in a poem.
6.      Meter : it is described as sequence of feet.
7.      Alliteration : it indicates 2 or more words with the same repetition of initial letter, for example, “dressy daffodils”. Here the sound of the letter “D” is repeated.
8.      Simile : it is a figure of speech used for comparison in the poetry with the words “like” or “as”, for example, “as black as coal”.
9.      Metaphor : it is used to make an implicit comparison. For example, “her laughter, a babbling brook.”
10.  Onomatopoeia : this is one important element of poetry, which refers to words that sound like their meaning, for example : buzz, moo and paw.

REFERENCES
Rosales, Piedad, Garcia and Barranco, Corinta. A study of Literary Types and Forms, UST Printing Office, Manila, 1995.

Classroom Interaction

Hello Diary..
Yang masih setia baca Diary-ku, aku pengen share lagi nih... Tentang pembahasan seputar cara mengajar. Check this out


Classroom interaction encompasses all types of interaction that goes on in a classroom. There are several different ways to categorize classroom interaction, but all of the types of interaction are important to engage learning and to create well rounded young people inside and outside the classroom.
Student-Teacher Interaction
·         Theories behind student and teacher interaction state that this type of interaction is vital for students because it compares to the relationships they'll have in their lives, such as the relationship with a boss or superior. Students must learn to interact respectfully, but must also learn how to be assertive without being rude, so that their points and opinions are heard without disruption.
Student-Student Interaction
·         One-on-one student interaction is important because it allows students to understand what it means to work with a partner. Theories of this type of interaction say that it prepares students for one-on-one relationships they will have with work associates, friends and even their spouses. Students must learn to rely on one other person and must be able to evaluate what their own strengths and weaknesses are as they try to complete a task.

Small-Group Interaction

·         Theories behind small-group interaction speculate that this is one of the best ways for students to learn from others. In groups of three to six people, students have equal time to talk and learn to perform a role that they are assigned. They learn to depend on the other members of the group to do their own parts. They also learn that a small group must have a leader and how to incorporate different learning and working styles into a group in harmony.

Entire Classroom Interaction

·         Entire classroom interaction allows all students to interact with all of the other students in the classroom. This is important in several different ways, according to different theories. Students learn how it feels to be only a small part of a very large group. They need to learn to wait their turn to talk and be prepared to do much more listening than talking. Students also gain insight about different types of people and how all will react. This is the interaction that is most closely related to the real world, where students will need to interact with people of all types.


about SINGAPORE

 
Hai Diary...
Kali ini aku pengen bahas dan berbagi tentang tugasku di Matkul Speaking semester 6. Postingan kali ini mengenai "SINGAPORE". Kenapa harus Singapura? Kenapa bukan Indonesia? Ya.. sebenarnya aku pengennya bahas negeri Sakura alias Jepang. tapi berhubung aku dan kelompokku ditugasi mengenai Singapur, ya inilah yang bisa aku share buat kalian.. Penasara?? (Nggak blas). Yaudah, it's OK, no problemo :)
Check this out aja nih...

SINGAPORE



What do you think of Singapore? The country which has the capital city Singapore as well, is the country that is good at development, artistic, cultured, entertainment and cleanness. Let's check why Singapore is good at development aspect.


1. Developing


Singapore developt at these aspects:
Agriculture: rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish.
Industries: electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences.
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports. Singapore is the largest exporter of ornamental fish (25% of the world market).
Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy, based historically on extended entrepĂ´t trade. Singapore is the 14th largest exporter and the 15th largest importer in the world.
 
Tourism also forms a large part of the economy. For example: Marina Bay Financial Centre.
The Marina Bay Financial Centre, is a multi-phase development located along Marina Boulevard at Marina Bay, Singapore. It sits on a 3.55 ha site with 3 million sq ft of prime Grade A office space, offering 649 luxury apartments and a retail mall spanning 176,000 sq ft. It will be the largest office development to date in the city in terms of gross floor area when fully completed. Tower 1 (33 storeys with 620,000 sq ft), 2 (50 storeys with 1 million sq ft) and Marina Bay Residences (428 units) were completed in 2010 while Tower 3 (46 storeys with 1.3 million sq ft) will be ready by 1Q 2012, and Marina Bay Suites (221 units) is expected to be completed in 2013.



2. Artistic


The Merlion, a half-fish, half-lion beast, is a fitting symbol of Singapore. The “Singa” or lion represents the animal that a Sumatran prince saw which resembled a lion, and the fish is a tribute to Singapore’s history as “Temasek”, the ancient sea town.



3. Entertaining


Singapore provide many interesting tourism spots, such as Singapore’s abundance of park, nature reserve and lush, tropical greenery etc.
Singapore can be one of tourist attraction choices that must be visited.

4. Cultured

Though physically small, Singapore  is an economic giant. 
There are many ethnics in this country. The city of Singapore blends of  Malay, Chinese, Arab, Indian, Peranakans, Eurasians, and English culture. So that’s why, Singapore become cultured country.
   

5. Cleanness

Since three decades pas here, Singapore has been remarkable. the goverment bother about the infrastructures in every sector, include in the public transportation.
In the city of Singapore, there is no car, motorcycle, bus etc. The goverment just allow the tour buses become the only accomodations to all major attraction.